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Compare American Samoa (2001) - Serbia and Montenegro (2002)

Compare American Samoa (2001) z Serbia and Montenegro (2002)

 American Samoa (2001)Serbia and Montenegro (2002)
 American SamoaSerbia and Montenegro
Administrative divisions none (territory of the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts and two islands* at the second order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western 2 republics (republike, singular - republika); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces* (autonomn pokrajine, singular - autonomna pokrajina); Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Age structure 0-14 years:
38.44% (male 13,278; female 12,512)

15-64 years:
56.57% (male 18,784; female 19,163)

65 years and over:
4.99% (male 1,779; female 1,568) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 19.6% (male 1,077,581; female 1,005,379)


15-64 years: 65.3% (male 3,415,929; female 3,546,410)


65 years and over: 15.1% (male 690,014; female 921,616) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 46 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 19 19


over 3,047 m: 2 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 6


914 to 1,523 m: 2 2


under 914 m: 4 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 26 27


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 2 13 (2002)
Area total:
199 sq km

land:
199 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Rose Island and Swains Island
total: 102,350 sq km


land: 102,136 sq km


water: 214 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Washington, DC slightly smaller than Kentucky
Background Settled as early as 1000 B. C., Samoa was "discovered" by European explorers in the 18th century. International rivalries in the latter half of the 19th century were settled by an 1899 treaty in which Germany and the US divided the Samoan archipelago. The US formally occupied its portion - a smaller group of eastern islands with the excellent harbor of Pago Pago - the following year. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various paramilitary bands that fought themselves as well as the invaders. The group headed by Marshal TITO took full control upon German expulsion in 1945. Although Communist, his new government successfully steered its own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, and The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia all declared their independence in 1991; Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" (FRY) in 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." All of these efforts were ultimately unsuccessful. In 1999, massive expulsions by FRY forces and Serb paramilitaries of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Serbia and the stationing of NATO and Russian peacekeepers in Kosovo. Federal elections in the fall of 2000, brought about the ouster of MILOSEVIC and installed Vojislav KOSTUNICA as president. The arrest of MILOSEVIC in 2001 allowed for his subsequent transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity. In 2001, the country's suspension was lifted, and it was once more accepted into UN organizations under the name of Yugoslavia. Kosovo has been governed by the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since June 1999, under the authority of UN Security Council Resolution 1244. In 2002, the Serbian and Montenegran components of Yugoslavia began negotiations to forge a looser relationship. These talks became a reality in February 2003 when lawmakers restructured the country into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. An agreement was also reached to hold a referendum in each republic in three years on full independence.
Birth rate 24.88 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.8 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$121 million (37% in local revenue and 63% in US grants)

expenditures:
$127 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97)
revenues: $3.9 billion


expenditures: $4.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Pago Pago Belgrade
Climate tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Coastline 116 km 199 km
Constitution ratified 1966, in effect 1967 27 April 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of American Samoa

conventional short form:
American Samoa

abbreviation:
AS
conventional long form: Serbia and Montenegro


conventional short form: none


local long form: Srbija-Crna Gora


local short form: none
Currency US dollar (USD) new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender; in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal (2002)
Death rate 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 10.59 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $NA $9.2 billion (2001 est.)
Dependency status unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission: Ambassador William D. MONTGOMERY


embassy: Kneza Milosa 50, 11000 Belgrade


telephone: [381] (11) 361-9344


FAX: [381] (11) 646-031


branch office: Pristina
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of the US) chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ivan ZIVKOVIC


chancery: 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 462-6566
Disputes - international none Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina have delimited about half of their boundary, but several segments, particularly along the meandering Drina River, remain in dispute; The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.)-Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro) signed and ratified a boundary agreement, which adjusts the former republic boundaries, with demarcation to commence in 2002; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo dispute authority of the agreement which cedes small tracts of Kosovo to F.Y.R.O.M.; Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro continue to discuss disputed Prevlaka Peninsula and control over the Gulf of Kotor despite imminent UN intention to withdraw UNMOP observer mission
Economic aid - recipient important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994 $2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to follow for several years)
Economy - overview This is a traditional Polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being. Attempts by the government to develop a larger and broader economy are restrained by Samoa's remote location, its limited transportation, and its devastating hurricanes. Tourism, a developing sector, has been held back by the recurring financial difficulties in East Asia. MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the war in Kosovo has left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. Since the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government has implemented stabilization measures and embarked on an aggressive market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. An agreement rescheduling the country's $4.5 billion Paris Club government debts was concluded in November 2001; it will write off 66% of the debt and provide a basis for Belgrade to seek similar debt relief on its $2.8 billion London Club commercial debt. The smaller republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain it's own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. Kosovo, while technically still part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro) according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, is moving toward local autonomy under United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and is dependent on the international community for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are official currencies, and UNMIK collects taxes and manages the budget. The complexity of Serbia and Montenegro political relationships, slow progress in privatization, and stagnation in the European economy are holding back the economy; nonetheless, growth may be 4.5% in 2003.
Electricity - consumption 120.9 million kWh (1999) 31.546 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 43 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 914 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 130 million kWh (1999) 32.984 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 59%


hydro: 41%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Lata 966 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m


highest point: Daravica 2,656 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources; the water division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past few years to improve water catchments and pipelines pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
Environment - international agreements - party to: Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity
Ethnic groups Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Serb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%, Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6% (1991)
Exchange rates the US dollar is used new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official rate: 65 (January 2002), 10.0 (December 1998), 5.85 (December 1997), 5.02 (September 1996); black market rate: 14.5 (December 1998), 8.9 (December 1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) and Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001)

head of government:
Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1997) and Lieutenant Governor Togiola TULAFONO (since 3 January 1997)

cabinet:
NA

elections:
US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
Tauese P. SUNIA reelected governor; percent of vote - Tauese P. SUNIA (Democrat) 50.7%, Lealaifuaneva Peter REID (independent) 47.8%
chief of state: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Dragisa PESIC (since 24 July 2001); Deputy Prime Minister Miroljub LABUS (since 25 January 2001)


cabinet: Federal Ministries act as Cabinet


elections: president elected by the Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 7 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Svetozar MAROVIC elected president by the Parliament; percent of vote - Svetozar MAROVIC NA%
Exports $500 million (1998) $2.2 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Exports - commodities canned tuna 93% manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw materials
Exports - partners US 99.6% Italy 16.4%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.1%, Germany 12.1%, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 9.2% (2001)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September calendar year
Flag description blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
GDP purchasing power parity - $500 million (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $25.3 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
agriculture: 26%


industry: 36%


services: 38% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $8,000 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,370 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 3.5% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 14 20 S, 170 00 W 44 00 N, 21 00 E
Geography - note Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Heliports - 4 (2002)
Highways total:
350 km

paved:
150 km

unpaved:
200 km
total: 48,603 km


paved: 28,822 km (including 560 km of expressways)


unpaved: 19,781 km


note: because of the 1999 Kosovo conflict, many road bridges were destroyed; since the end of the conflict in June 1999, there has been an intensive program to either rebuild bridges or build by-pass routes (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering
Imports $471 million (1996) $5.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Imports - commodities materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6% machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
Imports - partners US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7% Russia 14.2%, Germany 12.2%, Italy 10.3%, Greece 4.5% (2001)
Independence none (territory of the US) 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 1.8% (2002 est.)
Industries tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Infant mortality rate 10.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 17.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 18% (2002 est.)
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, SPC ABEDA, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 9 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 570 sq km
Judicial branch High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior) Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for nine-year terms


note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will have an equal number of judges from each republic
Labor force 14,000 (1996) 3 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,246 km


border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
Land use arable land:
5%

permanent crops:
10%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
70%

other:
15% (1993 est.)
arable land: 36.34%


permanent crops: 3.44%


other: 60.22% (1998 est.)
Languages Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English

note:
most people are bilingual
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Legal system NA based on civil law system
Legislative branch bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats; members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - only independents elected

note:
American Samoa elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term
unicameral Parliament (126 seats - 91 Serbian, 35 Montenegrin - filled by nominees of the two state parliaments for the first two years, after which the president will call for public elections


elections: last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DOS 37, DLECG 19, DSS 17, ZP 14, SPS 12, SRS 8, SDP 5, SSJ 5, other 9
Life expectancy at birth total population:
75.32 years

male:
70.89 years

female:
80.02 years (2001 est.)
total population: 73.72 years


male: 70.78 years


female: 76.89 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97%

male:
98%

female:
97% (1980 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93%


male: 97.2%


female: 88.9% (1991)
Location Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Map references Oceania Europe
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
NA
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,437 GRT/400 DWT


ships by type: short-sea passenger 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US -
Military branches - Army (VJ) (including ground forces with border troops, naval forces, air and air defense forces)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $654 million (2002)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,589,437 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 2,082,322 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 19 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 82,542 (2002 est.)
National holiday Flag Day, 17 April (1900) Republic Day, 29 November
Nationality noun:
American Samoan(s)

adjective:
American Samoan
noun: Serb(s); Montenegrin(s)


adjective: Serbian; Montenegrin
Natural hazards typhoons common from December to March destructive earthquakes
Natural resources pumice, pumicite oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
Net migration rate 3.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party [leader NA]; Republican Party [leader NA] Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic List for European Montenegro or DLECG [leader NA]; Democratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS (a coalition of many small parties including DSS) [leader NA]; Democratic Party or DS [Zoran DJINDJIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Party of Serb Unity or SSJ [Borislav PELEVIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Zoran ANDJELKOVIC, general secretary]; Social Dmocratic Party or SDP [Rasim LJAJIC]; Together for Changes or ZP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Group of 17 Independent Economists or G-17 [leader NA]; National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo or LKCK [Sabit GASHI]; Otpor Student Resistance Movement [leader NA]; Political Council for Presevo, Meveda and Bujanovac or PCPMB [leader NA]; The People's Movement for Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI]
Population 67,084 (July 2001 est.) 10,656,929


note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 30%
Population growth rate 2.42% (2001 est.) -0.12% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Aunu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat, Zelenika
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 113, FM 194, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 57,000 (1997) 3.15 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 4,059 km


standard gauge: 4,059 km 1.435-m gauge (1,377 km electrified)


note: during the 1999 Kosovo conflict, the Serbian rail system suffered significant damage due to bridge destruction; many rail bridges have been rebuilt; Montenegrin rail lines remain intact (2001)
Religions Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30% Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.13 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 13,000 (1997) 2.017 million (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,550 (1997) 87,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685 low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks; also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)
Terrain five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island) extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Total fertility rate 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.78 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 16% (1993) 28% (2002 est.)
Waterways none 587 km


note: the Danube River, central Europe's connection with the Black Sea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge, replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river traffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction is bypassed by a canal system, the inadequate lock size of which limits the size of vessels which may pass; the pontoon bridge can be opened for large ships but has slowed river traffic (2001)
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